Nowadays, I think everyone has ever heard of the name of database but just has a few people know what database is. A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. Database can be classified according to types of content: full-text, numeric, and images. Database tools and applications are designed to help you store and manage data in a controlled and structured manner. This article will contain about the benefits of database development, applications of database and the types of database.
For most businesses or organizations, the more knowledge about customers, suppliers and competitors, the better. Therefore the gathering, storing and analyzing of information in the form of databases can provide you with an advantage. Many businesses do not have the time, resources or skill available to gather and process large quantities of information. Therefore they may lack information about their business. However, as it's not always obvious what information is potentially valuable, you should try to gather as much data as possible. Having all this information can help you deal and decide with specific problems. In this term, it may use a technique called data mining to analyze data to find the answer that help us make decision.
Databases are used in many applications such as website or application that contains a lot of data. Databases are the preferred method of storage for large multi-user applications, where coordination between many users is needed. An individual user finds them convenient, and many electronic mail programs and personal profiles are based on standard database technology. Software database drivers are available for most database platforms so that application software can use a common Application Programming Interface (API) to retrieve the information stored in a database. Two commonly used database APIs are JDBC and ODBC. For example supplier’s database contains the data relating to suppliers such as (base on my project: Data warehouse for entertainment);
Movie title
Revenue
Databases generally have one of two basic forms. The single-file database or the multi-file relational database. Single-file databases are often called "flat file" systems and relational databases are frequently known as "structured" databases. The type of database system or tool that you require depends on the system such as the quantity of data to be stored and processed or the complexity of the data involved, e.g. plain text, images, sound files. If a requirement is simple, such as monitoring the names and addresses of around 100 customers, you might find that standard office tools such as a Excel might be enough. Some don’t know excel can be a database. Database Modeling Excel is a database modeling software and provides a convenient or maybe the easiest way to model your database. However, if your needs become more complicated, you will need to look at more sophisticate and capable packages such as Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle, Sybase or Informix or DB2 Data warehouse. These are specifically designed to sort and search large amounts of data of a variety of types, for instance, allowing you to manage customer names, goods orders and payment histories.
I think when you read this article, you will have more knowledge about database. You can see the importance of database, it can help companies to manage or organize their data. Similarly, many business types such as manufacturing, publishing, insurance and etc will have database solutions specifically targeted at their precise needs and requirements. It is worth seeking out any products which address the particular needs of your business sector. You might find them by asking your industry. You can use the Internet to research popular database products.
วันพุธที่ 24 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2551
Three latest Intel's CPU generation
Intel Corporation is the world's largest semiconductor company and the inventor of the x86 microprocessors, the processor most found in PC. The company has established on July 18, 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation. Since 1968, Intel manufacture many generations of CPU to PC’s user. I would talk about three latest generations. First, the Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel's line of single-core mainstream desktop and laptop CPU introduced on November 20, 2000. Second, the Pentium D brand refers to two series of dual-core 64-bit x86 processors with the NetBurst micro architecture like Pentium 4. Intel released Pentium D on May 25, 2005. Finally, the Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006 comprising the Solo (single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual- or quad-core CPUs for enthusiasts or gamers) branches. Intel uses the Intel micro architecture for Core2 to increase speed and decrease power consumption.
Although Pentium 4 gets out of this CPU generation but Pentium 4 is the most popular Intel’s CPU. The first Pentium 4 CPU introduced on November 20, 2000 and the last August 8, 2008. It’s around eight years for Pentium 4 in the CPU market. Eight years for the CPU generation is a very long time to compete with other company. Pentium 4 CPUs introduced the SSE2 and SSE3 instruction sets to accelerate calculations, transactions, media processing, 3D graphics, and games. They also integrated Hyper-threading (HT), a feature to make one physical CPU work as two logical and virtual CPUs. The general PC user may know a code named Pentium 4 only but inside the core of CPU, it had the name too. The Willamette is the first generation of Pentium 4 that has 180nm core size. Second is Northwood that has 90 nm core size. The last for Pentium 4 is Prescott that has 65 nm.If the core of CPU is small, the frequency or clock speed will increase and decrease power consumption too. The IBM computers in SIT use Pentium4 3.0 GHz codename Prescott. The last Pentium4 had 3.8 GHz speed. The problems of Pentium4 are power consumption and it has single core.
Pentium D is the first generation of dual-core CPU but it still uses Netburst architecture that used a lot of power consumption. The brand's first processor codenamed Smithfield, was released on May 25, 2005. Around a year later, Intel introduced its successor, codenamed Presler, but without offering significant upgrades in design, still resulting in a relatively high power consumption. The high power consumption is Pentium D abort in the CPU Market. The last generation of Pentium D branded processors was the Presle , and made of two 65 nm-process cores found also in Pentium 4. The Presler single package also comprised two single-core dies next to each other increasing its processing capability over single-core CPUs branded Pentium 4. The Presler was supported by the same chipsets as the Smithfield. It was produced using 65 nm technology.
From the lack of success of Pentium D, Intel has developd the new architecture to replace NetBurst. It’s called Intel Core microarchitecture. The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit dual-core and 2x2 MCM (Multi-Chip Module) quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set. (Tips: x86 is 32 bit and x86-64 is 64 bit) The Core microarchitecture returned to lower clock rate and improved processors' usage of both available clock cycles and power compared with preceding NetBurst of the Pentium 4 and D. Core microarchitecture provides more efficient decoding stages, execution units, caches, and buses, reducing the power consumption of Core 2, while increasing their processing capacity. The Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006 comprising the Solo (single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual-core, quad-core for hi-end user).
From the latest three generation of Intel CPU, you can see the evolution of CPU. Intel needs to increase the speed of CPU by increasing clock speed, changing core architecture and adding more cores for CPU. The power consumption is a one thing that Intel needs to decrease because the power consumption will make the CPU heated. That means in the future, the CPU will have more speed and use less power consumption
Although Pentium 4 gets out of this CPU generation but Pentium 4 is the most popular Intel’s CPU. The first Pentium 4 CPU introduced on November 20, 2000 and the last August 8, 2008. It’s around eight years for Pentium 4 in the CPU market. Eight years for the CPU generation is a very long time to compete with other company. Pentium 4 CPUs introduced the SSE2 and SSE3 instruction sets to accelerate calculations, transactions, media processing, 3D graphics, and games. They also integrated Hyper-threading (HT), a feature to make one physical CPU work as two logical and virtual CPUs. The general PC user may know a code named Pentium 4 only but inside the core of CPU, it had the name too. The Willamette is the first generation of Pentium 4 that has 180nm core size. Second is Northwood that has 90 nm core size. The last for Pentium 4 is Prescott that has 65 nm.If the core of CPU is small, the frequency or clock speed will increase and decrease power consumption too. The IBM computers in SIT use Pentium4 3.0 GHz codename Prescott. The last Pentium4 had 3.8 GHz speed. The problems of Pentium4 are power consumption and it has single core.
Pentium D is the first generation of dual-core CPU but it still uses Netburst architecture that used a lot of power consumption. The brand's first processor codenamed Smithfield, was released on May 25, 2005. Around a year later, Intel introduced its successor, codenamed Presler, but without offering significant upgrades in design, still resulting in a relatively high power consumption. The high power consumption is Pentium D abort in the CPU Market. The last generation of Pentium D branded processors was the Presle , and made of two 65 nm-process cores found also in Pentium 4. The Presler single package also comprised two single-core dies next to each other increasing its processing capability over single-core CPUs branded Pentium 4. The Presler was supported by the same chipsets as the Smithfield. It was produced using 65 nm technology.
From the lack of success of Pentium D, Intel has developd the new architecture to replace NetBurst. It’s called Intel Core microarchitecture. The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit dual-core and 2x2 MCM (Multi-Chip Module) quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set. (Tips: x86 is 32 bit and x86-64 is 64 bit) The Core microarchitecture returned to lower clock rate and improved processors' usage of both available clock cycles and power compared with preceding NetBurst of the Pentium 4 and D. Core microarchitecture provides more efficient decoding stages, execution units, caches, and buses, reducing the power consumption of Core 2, while increasing their processing capacity. The Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006 comprising the Solo (single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual-core, quad-core for hi-end user).
From the latest three generation of Intel CPU, you can see the evolution of CPU. Intel needs to increase the speed of CPU by increasing clock speed, changing core architecture and adding more cores for CPU. The power consumption is a one thing that Intel needs to decrease because the power consumption will make the CPU heated. That means in the future, the CPU will have more speed and use less power consumption
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